Comportamiento de la regulación menstrual en la adolescencia / Behavior of menstrual regulation in adolescence

Introducción: la práctica del aborto es uno de los temas de mayor controversia a finales del siglo xx y comienzos del XXI, pero no constituye nada nuevo, ha existido en cada cultura conocida, con o sin alfabeto escrito, primitiva o moderna. En los últimos años se reconoce el valor que tiene la evacuación del útero en el embarazo temprano mediante el método de regulación menstrual. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la regulación menstrual en la adolescencia del área de salud de Párraga. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por un total de 370 adolescentes que acudieron a la consulta de Regulación Menstrual del Policlínico Párraga. La muestra fue de 360 pacientes; a todas se les aplicó el método de aspiración endometrial. Estas pacientes fueron seguidas en consulta evolutivamente a los siete días. Se analizaron las variables: edad, escolaridad, estado civil, antecedentes obstétricos, uso de método anticonceptivo previo y complicaciones inmediatas. Resultados: predominó el grupo de la adolescencia tardía con 220 casos. La edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales fue de 14 a los 17 años con 249 (69,1 porciento) adolescentes y el motivo por el cual no usaban los métodos anticonceptivos fue por olvido en 183 (50,8 porciento) casos. Las complicaciones que más se presentaron fueron las reacciones vagales en 54 (15,0 porciento) pacientes. Conclusiones: gran número de adolescentes hacen uso de la regulación menstrual por ser menos peligrosa que el aborto, más rápido, prescindir de anestesia y de otras complicaciones

Introduction: abortion is one of the most controversial topics at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. However, this is not a new situation since it has existed in every recognized culture, either primitive or modern, with or without written alphabet. In the last few years, the role of the menstrual regulation to empty the uterus in the early pregnancy has been recognized. Objective: to describe the behavior of the menstrual regulation method in adolescents from the health area of Parraga neighborhood. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted. The universe of study was 370 female adolescents, who went to the Menstrual Regulation Service in Parraga polyclinics. The final sample was made up of 360 patients who were performed the endometrial aspiration method. These patients were followed up for 7 days to observe their recovery. The following variables were under analysis: age, schooling, marital status, obstetric history, use of contraceptive methods and immediate complications. Results: the group of late adolescents with 220 cases predominated. The age of onset of sexual relations was 14 to 17 years, with 249 (69.1 percent) adolescents, and the main reason for not using some contraceptive method was they forgot to do it in 183 (50.8 percent) cases in this sample. The most frequent complications sere vagal reactions in 54 (15.0 percent) patients. Conclusions: a large number of female adolescents turn to menstrual regulation because it is a quicker, safer method than abortion, does not require anesthesia and has no further complications

Spatial cognition and memory: a reversible lesion with lidocaine into the anteromedial/posterior parietal cortex (AM/PPC) affects differently working and long-term memory on two foraging tasks

Place memory is relevant for exploration and forage behaviour. When food supply is dispersed, a win-shift has advantage over a win-stay strategy. In the Olton Octagonal Maze, the rat follows a win-shift strategy using working memory. However, in the Olton 4x4 version, the rat follows a win-stay strategy, using both working and long-term memories. It has been suggested that the neocortex is required for the resolution of tasks demanding long-term, but not for that demanding working memory alone. The role of anteromedial/posterior parietal cortex (AM/PPC) was investigated here, using a reversible lesion induced by intracerebral lidocaine infusion. Long-Evans rats were implanted with guide cannulae into the AM/PPC and trained in an Olton 4x4 maze, counting working and long-term memory errors after a delay. Then, the animals were infused with lidocaine or saline during the delay phase and tested for three days. Another series of animals, treated as before, was tested in an Olton Octagonal Maze and subjected to the same injection schedule. In the Olton 4x4 Maze, lidocaine produced a significant increase in working and long-term memory errors, compared to saline and post-lidocaine conditions. In contrast, in the Olton Octagonal Maze, lidocaine did not induce any effect on working memory errors. Thus, AM/PPC is required when both working with previous information and long-term memories are needed, but not when only working memory is required, as it happens under ethological conditions. Whenever food supply is dispersed, a win-shift strategy is preferable.

Evaluación auditiva neurosensorial en un grupo de prematuros del programa madre canguro / Sensorineural auditory evaluation in a group of preterm neonates

Entre agosto de 1989 y diciembre de 1991 se buscó asociación entre algunos factores de riesgo comunes a los prematuros con peso menor de 1.500 g al nacer y el hecho de presentar disminución de la agudeza auditiva, medida con los potenciales evocados del tallo cerebral a los 4 meses y luego entre los 8 y los 14 meses. Los factores de riesgo tenidos en cuenta en 133 prematuros del "Programa madre canguro" del Instituto de los Seguros Sociales, en Medellín, fueron: Peso inferior a 1.500 g, hiperbilirrubinemia superior a 10

A study was carried out to investigate the association between risk factors commonly found in preterm neonates with very low birth-weight (Iess than 1.500 g) and decreased auditory acuteness; the latter was measured according to brain stem evoked potentiaJs (BERA test) In 133 preterm neonates belonging to the "Kangaroo mother program", in 'Medellín,Colombla. The following risk factors we~ evaluated: Hyperbilirrubinemia, hyaline membrane, birth weight lower than 1.500g, fetal distress, hypoglycemia, use of aminoglycosldes, thlrd trimester hemorrhage, and maternal high blood presssure. Abnormal results in BERA test were found in 54 cases (40.6%) at 4 months and in only 10 (7.5%) in the final evaluation performed between 8 and 14 months of age. No association was found between risk factors and decreased auditory acuteness; the shift from abnormal to normal auditory acuteness can be explained by brain maturation factors In the preterm infant. Causes for final deficits remain to be investigated; follow-up programs including auditory tests in this group of children at risk should be established